Pharmacology

Biology, HSSC-Punjab Second Year. This chapter is split into 24 topics and has 621 practice questions. The topics covered are listed below, followed by 10 free sample questions from the chapter.

Topics in this chapter

1. Drug Approval, Manufacturing and Post-Marketing Surveillance 30 questions
2. Clinical Trials: Phases 1, 2 and 3 30 questions
3. Penicillin: Source, Uses and Side Effects 30 questions
4. Sulfonamides: Source, Uses and Mode of Action 30 questions
5. Antiviral and Antiretroviral Drugs 30 questions
6. Antibiotics and Their Major Classes 30 questions
7. Lead Compound Identification and Lead Optimization 28 questions
8. Drug Discovery: Target Identification and Validation 28 questions
9. Drug Development: Preclinical Research 28 questions
10. Monoclonal Antibodies as Drugs 30 questions
11. Pharmacology: Drugs and Their Sources 26 questions
12. Fluoroquinolones: Source, Uses and Mode of Action 30 questions
13. Tetracycline: Source, Uses and Mode of Action 30 questions
14. Chapter Review: Pharmacology 27 questions
15. Mode of Action of Penicillin and Resistance 29 questions
16. Classification of Antibiotics: Figure 23.1 Facts 20 questions
17. Comparing the Four Antibiotic Classes 21 questions
18. Side Effects, Precautions and Antibiotic Resistance 20 questions
19. Pharmacology Scenarios: Matching Drug to Situation 22 questions
20. Drug Development Stages: Scenarios and Sequence 22 questions
21. Clinical Trial Phases: Numerical Reasoning 20 questions
22. Pharmacology Assertion-Reason Questions 20 questions
23. Exercise Items: Short, Long and Inquisitive Questions 20 questions
24. Selective Toxicity and Targets of Antibacterial Drugs 20 questions

Sample questions: Pharmacology

10 sample questions with the correct answer and an explanation. Try to answer each one before reading the explanation.

Q1. Why is target validation an important step before investing in a drug?

• A. To save advertising costs
• B. To avoid developing a drug against a target not involved in the disease(correct answer)
• C. To improve colour
• D. To increase price

Answer: B.It reduces failure. The correct answer is: To avoid developing a drug against a target not involved in the disease.

Q2. The correct order of drug development stages is:

• A. Manufacturing, preclinical research, FDA review, clinical trials
• B. FDA review, preclinical research, clinical trials, marketing
• C. Clinical trials, preclinical research, FDA review, manufacturing
• D. Preclinical research, clinical trials, FDA review, manufacturing and marketing, post-marketing surveillance(correct answer)

Answer: D.As in the chapter. The correct answer is: Preclinical research, clinical trials, FDA review, manufacturing and marketing, post-marketing surveillance.

Q3. In vitro and in vivo tests complement each other because:

• A. They are identical
• B. Both are done in humans
• C. In vitro tests give cell-level information and in vivo tests show effects in the whole organism(correct answer)
• D. Both are done in plants

Answer: C.Both are needed. The correct answer is: In vitro tests give cell-level information and in vivo tests show effects in the whole organism.

Q4. The correct order of the last three stages is:

• A. Manufacturing, FDA review, surveillance
• B. FDA review, manufacturing and marketing, post-marketing surveillance(correct answer)
• C. Surveillance, review, manufacturing
• D. Review, surveillance, manufacturing

Answer: B.From the chapter. The correct answer is: FDA review, manufacturing and marketing, post-marketing surveillance.

Q5. Which of the following correctly states the mode of action of tetracycline?

• A. It binds the 30S subunit, blocks aminoacyl-tRNA binding and inhibits protein synthesis(correct answer)
• B. It blocks DNA gyrase
• C. It blocks folate synthesis
• D. It blocks cell wall synthesis

Answer: A.As in the chapter. The correct answer is: It binds the 30S subunit, blocks aminoacyl-tRNA binding and inhibits protein synthesis.

Q6. Assertion: Phytotherapy is a part of pharmacology. Reason: Pharmacology includes the study of sources and therapeutic uses of drugs, including those from plants.

• A. The assertion is true but the reason is false
• B. Both are true and the reason explains the assertion(correct answer)
• C. The assertion is false but the reason is true
• D. Both are true but the reason does not explain the assertion

Answer: B.Plant-based medicines are a source of drugs, so their use falls within the study of sources and therapeutic uses.

Q7. What does improving 'drug-like properties' of a lead mean?

• A. Making it work better as a medicine in the body(correct answer)
• B. Making it a brighter colour for patients
• C. Making it available without any testing
• D. Making it larger in size whatever the cost

Answer: A.Optimization improves features such as effectiveness and safety so that the compound behaves like a usable drug.

Q8. In Figure 23.1, which class is the only one whose use is shown as a named disease (syphilis)?

From your book: Figure 23.1 (page 210) Full page Open book

• A. Fluoroquinolones
• B. Sulfonamides
• C. Tetracycline(correct answer)
• D. Penicillin

Answer: C.The tetracycline column names syphilis, while the others show Gram-positive or bacterial infections generally.

Q9. Which two classes does the chapter explicitly describe as effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

• A. Penicillin alone
• B. Tetracycline and sulfonamides(correct answer)
• C. Penicillin and tetracycline
• D. Penicillin and sulfonamides

Answer: B.The chapter makes this statement for tetracycline and for sulfonamides; penicillin is described mainly for Gram-positive bacteria.

Q10. Assertion: Tetracycline should not be taken with dairy products. Reason: Dairy products turn tetracycline into a bactericidal drug.

• A. Both statements are true and the reason explains the assertion
• B. The assertion is false but the reason is true
• C. Both statements are true but the reason does not explain the assertion
• D. The assertion is true but the reason is false(correct answer)

Answer: D.The advice is in the chapter, but the reason is false (dairy and iron interfere with the drug, standard knowledge).