Biology, SSC-Punjab Class 10. This chapter is split into 24 topics and has
585 practice questions. The topics covered are listed below, followed by
10 free sample questions from the chapter.
Topics in this chapter
Disorders of the kidney: Kidney Stones26 questions
Functioning of the kidney: tubular secretion and urine formation24 questions
Kidney transplantation24 questions
Functioning of the kidney: reabsorption26 questions
Role of kidneys in osmoregulation24 questions
Urinary system overview and kidney structure (external)25 questions
Kidney internal structure and nephron overview26 questions
Disorders of the kidney: Kidney (Renal) Failure25 questions
Treatment of kidney failure: dialysis (haemodialysis and peritoneal)26 questions
Functioning of the kidney: pressure filtration24 questions
Exercise review: urinary system MCQs and differentiation24 questions
Urinary system organs: true-false and odd-one-out25 questions
Kidney position, size and external structure24 questions
Kidney internal regions and Figure 4.2 labels25 questions
Nephron structure and Figure 4.324 questions
Pressure filtration: calculations and cause-effect24 questions
Reabsorption site by site and Figure 4.424 questions
Tubular secretion, urine pathway and three-step summary24 questions
Osmoregulation: scenarios and comparisons24 questions
Kidney stones: classification, causes and scenarios24 questions
Kidney failure: classification of causes and symptoms23 questions
Dialysis: haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and Figures 4.6-4.723 questions
Kidney transplantation and treatment choices23 questions
Assertion-reason and integrated review: urinary system24 questions
Sample questions: Human Urinary System
10 sample questions with the correct answer and an explanation. Try to answer each one before reading the explanation.
Q1. Based on the chapter, at which four locations along the nephron does water reabsorption occur, in the order the filtrate passes through them?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct(correct answer)
B. Bowman's capsule, ascending limb of Loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, renal pelvis
C. Ascending limb of Loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, distal convoluted tubule
D. Collecting duct, distal convoluted tubule, descending limb of Loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule
Answer: A.According to the chapter, water is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule (large amount), the descending limb of the Loop of Henle (some), and the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct (some), in that anatomical order along the nephron.
Q2. A diabetic patient has such high blood glucose levels that the proximal convoluted tubule cannot reabsorb all the filtered glucose. Based on the chapter's description, what would be the most likely result?
A. The glomerulus would stop filtering entirely
B. Some glucose would remain in the filtrate and appear in the urine(correct answer)
C. All water reabsorption would stop completely
D. The renal artery would stop supplying blood
Answer: B.Since normal reabsorption of glucose relies on nearly 100% of it being reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule, exceeding this reabsorption capacity (as in uncontrolled diabetes) would leave glucose in the filtrate, resulting in glucose appearing in the urine.
Q3. Which of the following is an accurate statement combining several facts about reabsorption from the chapter?
A. Reabsorption occurs at multiple points along the nephron (proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct), recovering water, glucose, amino acids, and salts(correct answer)
B. Reabsorption occurs only once, exclusively in the Bowman's capsule
C. Reabsorption occurs only in the renal pelvis
D. Reabsorption recovers only water, with no recovery of glucose, amino acids, or salts
Answer: A.This combines the chapter's description of reabsorption occurring at multiple nephron segments (proximal convoluted tubule, both limbs of the Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct), recovering water, glucose, amino acids, and salts.
Q4. Combining all three steps of urine formation described in the chapter, which sequence correctly summarizes how blood is converted into stored urine?
A. Tubular secretion occurs first, followed by pressure filtration, then reabsorption, with urine forming in the urinary bladder
B. Reabsorption is the only step involved in urine formation
C. Urine is formed directly in the urinary bladder without any nephron processing
D. Pressure filtration forms glomerular filtrate, reabsorption returns useful materials to blood, tubular secretion adds remaining wastes, and the resulting urine moves via the renal pelvis and ureters to the bladder for storage(correct answer)
Answer: D.The chapter's overall model is: pressure filtration forms the glomerular filtrate, reabsorption returns useful materials to the blood, tubular secretion adds remaining wastes to the tubule, and the resulting urine travels through the renal pelvis and ureters to the urinary bladder for storage.
Q5. How does the chapter's list of causes for kidney failure compare to its list of causes for kidney stones?
A. Both conditions share the exact same identical list of causes with no differences
B. Kidney failure is caused only by diet, while kidney stones are caused only by chronic diseases
C. Kidney failure is linked to chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension), medication overuse, and organ failure, while kidney stones are linked more specifically to diet, hydration, and uric acid/infection factors — though both share some overlap (infections, kidney stones as a shared factor)(correct answer)
D. Neither condition has any causes related to infections
Answer: C.The chapter's cause lists differ: kidney failure emphasizes chronic diseases, medication overuse, and organ failure, while kidney stones emphasize diet, hydration, and uric acid, with large kidney stones also listed as a cause of kidney failure, showing some overlap.
Q6. Which of the following best explains why dehydration is listed as a cause of kidney failure, based on the chapter's broader description of kidney function?
A. Severe or prolonged dehydration can reduce blood flow and pressure needed for normal kidney filtration, impairing kidney function over time(correct answer)
B. Dehydration is listed only as a treatment for kidney failure, not a cause
C. Dehydration has no relationship with blood flow to the kidneys
D. Dehydration always increases kidney filtration efficiency
Answer: A.Since normal kidney filtration depends on adequate blood flow and pressure (as described in pressure filtration), severe dehydration reducing this flow can impair kidney function, consistent with dehydration being listed as a cause of kidney failure.
Q7. Which of the following best explains why the dialyzer's design (blood inside tubes, dialysis fluid outside) allows wastes to move out of the blood, based on general principles consistent with the chapter?
A. This arrangement completely blocks any exchange between blood and dialysis fluid
B. This arrangement forces oxygen out of the blood instead of wastes
C. This arrangement is unrelated to how wastes are removed
D. This arrangement allows wastes to diffuse from the blood, across the tube walls, into the surrounding dialysis fluid(correct answer)
Answer: D.The tube arrangement (blood inside, dialysis fluid outside) is consistent with allowing wastes to diffuse across the tube walls from the blood into the dialysis fluid, which the chapter describes as the outcome (extra water and wastes moving from blood into dialysis fluid).
Q8. Which of the following best explains why dialysis is described as a treatment rather than a cure for kidney failure, consistent with the chapter's overall framing?
A. Dialysis permanently regenerates damaged nephrons
B. Dialysis performs the waste-removal function externally or via the peritoneal cavity, but does not restore the kidney's own ability to filter blood(correct answer)
C. Dialysis is described in the chapter as curing kidney failure completely
D. Dialysis eliminates the need for kidney transplantation entirely
Answer: B.Since dialysis works by extracting wastes via an external dialyzer or the peritoneal cavity rather than restoring the kidney's own filtering ability, it functions as an ongoing treatment rather than a cure, consistent with the chapter later introducing kidney transplantation as 'advanced treatment'.
Q9. How does kidney transplantation differ from dialysis as a treatment for kidney failure, based on the chapter's overall framing?
A. Transplantation provides a new, functioning kidney that can work for years, while dialysis is an ongoing external/peritoneal process that must be repeated regularly(correct answer)
B. Dialysis provides a permanent new kidney, while transplantation is repeated regularly
C. Neither treatment addresses kidney failure at all
D. Both treatments are identical in method and duration
Answer: A.Kidney transplantation, described as an 'advanced treatment,' provides a functioning kidney that can last ten to fifteen years, whereas dialysis (haemodialysis or peritoneal) is an ongoing process that must be repeated to continue removing wastes from blood.
Q10. Considering the whole chapter's coverage of the urinary system, which of the following best summarizes the relationship between nephron function (Section 4.2) and the disorders discussed (Section 4.3)?
A. The disorders discussed have no connection to nephron function at all
B. Kidney stones and kidney failure only affect the urinary bladder, not the nephrons
C. Disorders like kidney stones and kidney failure represent breakdowns in the normal filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and osmoregulation processes carried out by healthy nephrons(correct answer)
D. Osmoregulation is unrelated to any kidney disorder
Answer: C.The chapter's disorders (kidney stones from crystallized filtered minerals, and kidney failure from impaired waste removal) directly relate to breakdowns in the normal nephron functions of filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and osmoregulation described in Section 4.2.