Atomic Structure

Chemistry, HSSC-KPK First Year. This chapter is split into 43 topics and has 1,166 practice questions. The topics covered are listed below, followed by 10 free sample questions from the chapter.

Topics in this chapter

1. Discovery of the electron: cathode rays & the discharge tube 25 questions
2. Canal rays, the proton & the discovery of the neutron 25 questions
3. Bohr's model: postulates, radius & energy of orbits 25 questions
4. Energy difference, frequency, wavelength & wave number 25 questions
5. Hydrogen spectrum, spectral series & defects of Bohr's model 25 questions
6. Planck's quantum theory, photons & wave parameters 25 questions
7. X-rays: production, properties, uses, types & Moseley's law 25 questions
8. Quantum numbers & shapes of s, p and d orbitals 25 questions
9. Electronic configuration: Aufbau, Pauli & Hund's rules 25 questions
10. Cathode rays and the gas discharge tube: characteristics, figures and apparatus 30 questions
11. Canal rays, the proton and Chadwick's discovery of the neutron 29 questions
12. Fundamental particles: charge, mass and Table 2.1 comparisons 22 questions
13. Bohr's postulates and the energy of the electron: concepts and derivation 30 questions
14. Derivation of the Bohr radius: Coulomb force, centripetal force and constants 20 questions
15. Radius of Bohr orbits of hydrogen: further numerical problems 30 questions
16. Energy of the electron in the nth orbit of hydrogen: further numerical problems 30 questions
17. Energy change between two hydrogen levels in kJ/mol: emission 30 questions
18. Energy change between two hydrogen levels in kJ/mol: absorption and comparisons 28 questions
19. Energy change in J per atom and per photon for hydrogen transitions 25 questions
20. Wave number of hydrogen spectral lines from the Rydberg equation 23 questions
21. Wavelength of hydrogen spectral lines and series identification 30 questions
22. Frequency and photon energy of hydrogen lines using the wave number 25 questions
23. Series limits and extreme lines of the hydrogen spectrum 25 questions
24. Spectra: continuous and line spectra, prism, flame colours and Figures 2.11 to 2.15 20 questions
25. Hydrogen spectral series and the defects of Bohr's model 30 questions
26. Planck's quantum theory, wave properties and electromagnetic radiation 28 questions
27. Planck's equation: photon energy from frequency 30 questions
28. Photon energy from wavelength and the reverse problems 30 questions
29. Wave parameters: converting between wavelength, frequency and wave number 30 questions
30. X-rays: discovery, production, properties and uses 30 questions
31. X-ray spectra and Moseley's law: further points 30 questions
32. Science, Technology and Society: fireworks display and the flame-test project 20 questions
33. Quantum numbers and selected exercise questions of Unit 2 30 questions
34. Counting sub-shells, orbitals and electrons from n, l and m (Table 2.3) 30 questions
35. Identifying impossible sets of quantum numbers 26 questions
36. Identifying possible sets of quantum numbers and naming the orbital 27 questions
37. Quantum numbers in action: Pauli exclusion, sub-shell labels and electron capacities 27 questions
38. Shapes of orbitals and the rules of electron filling 26 questions
39. The (n + l) rule: values, ordering and the sequence of filling 30 questions
40. Electronic configurations of elements 1 to 20 from Table 2.4 30 questions
41. Electronic configurations of elements 21 to 40 from Table 2.4 30 questions
42. Unpaired electrons in atoms and Hund's rule: element by element 30 questions
43. Counting valence, s, p and d electrons from electronic configurations 30 questions